Breastfeeding Issues: Understanding and Managing Low Milk Supply
- Virtual Breastfeeding Inc.
- Jan 6
- 3 min read
Low milk supply is one of the most common concerns among breastfeeding and pumping parents. Many families worry they are not producing enough milk to meet their baby’s needs, which can lead to stress, self-doubt, and early weaning.
While true low milk supply does occur, it is important to understand that perceived low supply is also very common.
Knowing the difference, understanding potential causes, and learning evidence-based strategies can help families feel more confident and supported in their breastfeeding journey.
What Is Low Milk Supply?
Low milk supply refers to a situation where the body is not producing enough breast milk to support adequate infant growth and development. This is different from perceived low supply, where milk production is actually sufficient, but normal newborn behaviors—such as frequent feeding, cluster feeding, or fussiness—create the impression that milk is inadequate.
Signs that may indicate a true low milk supply include poor weight gain, fewer wet or dirty diapers than expected, or a baby who remains unsatisfied after most feeds.
Because these signs can vary, proper assessment by a lactation professional is essential.
Common Causes of Low Milk Supply
Low milk supply is rarely caused by a single factor. It is often the result of a combination of physical, hormonal, and feeding-related issues, including:
Infrequent or ineffective milk removal, such as skipped feeds, short feeding sessions, or poor latch
Early supplementation without adequate breast stimulation
Hormonal or medical conditions, including thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or retained placental fragments
Birth-related factors, such as premature delivery, traumatic birth, or separation from the baby
Previous breast surgery or insufficient glandular tissue
High stress levels, exhaustion, or inadequate nutrition and hydration
Identifying the underlying cause is key to creating an effective plan to increase milk supply.
Strategies to Support and Increase Milk Supply
Lactation consultants typically recommend feeding on demand to support milk supply, responding to a baby’s hunger cues rather than following a rigid schedule.
Evidence-based strategies commonly recommended include:
Feeding on demand, watching for early hunger cues such as rooting, sucking motions, or hand-to-mouth movements
Ensuring effective latch and positioning to support efficient milk transfer
Allowing unrestricted time at the breast, especially during periods of cluster feeding
Using breast compression during feeds to encourage active milk flow
Adding pumping strategically, such as after feeds or during separations, rather than on a strict clock-based schedule
Skin-to-skin contact, which supports milk-producing hormones and infant feeding cues
Prioritizing rest, nutrition, and hydration to support overall milk production
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